Spontaneous Magnetization in Maxwell QED$_{2+1}$

TL;DR

This paper investigates spontaneous magnetization in Maxwell QED in 2+1 dimensions at finite fermion density, showing that low densities favor a non-zero magnetic field due to fermion spectrum asymmetry.

Contribution

It demonstrates that Maxwell QED in 2+1 dimensions exhibits spontaneous magnetization at low fermion densities, a novel insight into its magnetic properties.

Findings

One-loop free energy minimum occurs at non-zero magnetic field at low densities.

Magnetization arises from fermion spectrum asymmetry in an external magnetic field.

Spontaneous magnetization is linked to the asymmetry of the fermion spectrum.

Abstract

Spontaneous magnetization in the Maxwell QED$_{2+1}$ at finite fermion density is studied. It is shown that at low fermion densities the one-loop free energy has its minimum at some nonvanishing value of the magnetic field. The magnetization is due to the asymmetry of the fermion spectrum of the massive QED$_{2+1}$ in an external magnetic field.