SU(5) Monopoles and the Dual Standard Model

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the spectrum of magnetic monopoles arising from SU(5) symmetry breaking, showing their correspondence to standard model fermions, and explores their stability, confinement, and quantum corrections within the dual standard model framework.

Contribution

It constructs the classical bound states of monopoles in SU(5) breaking and relates their spectrum to standard model fermions, including the effects of further symmetry breaking.

Findings

Monopole spectrum matches one family of standard model fermions.

Diquark monopole is an extra state that becomes unstable after further symmetry breaking.

Quantum corrections affect monopole mass spectrum.

Abstract

We find the spectrum of magnetic monopoles produced in the symmetry breaking SU(5) to [SU(3)\times SU(2)\times U(1)']/Z_6 by constructing classical bound states of the fundamental monopoles. The spectrum of monopoles is found to correspond to the spectrum of one family of standard model fermions and hence, is a starting point for constructing the dual standard model. At this level, however, there is an extra monopole state - the ``diquark'' monopole - with no corresponding standard model fermion. If the SU(3) factor now breaks down to Z_3, the monopoles with non-trivial SU(3) charge get confined by strings in SU(3) singlets. Another outcome of this symmetry breaking is that the diquark monopole becomes unstable (metastable) to fragmentation into fundamental monopoles and the one-one correspondence with the standard model fermions is restored. We discuss the fate of the monopoles if the [SU(2)\times U(1)']/Z_2 factor breaks down to U(1)_Q by a Higgs mechanism as in the electroweak model. Here we find that monopoles that are misaligned with the vacuum get connected by strings even though the electroweak symmetry breaking does not admit topological strings. We discuss the lowest order quantum corrections to the mass spectrum of monopoles.