Vacuum instability in external fields

TL;DR

This paper investigates particle creation in various space-time dimensions under external electric fields, revealing a universal, thermally-characterized distribution that aligns with Hawking radiation in gravitational fields.

Contribution

It introduces a universal thermal form for particle distributions created by external electric fields, applicable across different dimensions and field durations.

Findings

Particle distributions have a thermal character.

The distribution form is universal across dimensions.

Reproduces Hawking temperature in gravitational fields.

Abstract

We study particles creation in arbitrary space-time dimensions by external electric fields, in particular, by fields, which are acting for a finite time. The time and dimensional analysis of the vacuum instability is presented. It is shown that the distributions of particles created by quasiconstant electric fields can be written in a form which has a thermal character and seems to be universal. Its application, for example, to the particles creation in external constant gravitational field reproduces the Hawking temperature exactly.