Electromagnetic fields providing charge screening and confinement in two-dimensional massless electrodynamics

TL;DR

This paper investigates how electromagnetic fields in two-dimensional massless QED lead to charge screening, confinement, and chiral condensate formation, revealing the role of gauge fields in these phenomena.

Contribution

It demonstrates that specific gauge fields nullify the Dirac determinant, causing charge screening, confinement, and chiral condensate formation in 2D massless QED.

Findings

Charge screening is due to gauge fields nullifying the Dirac determinant.

Confinement of fermion number arises from similar gauge field effects.

Chiral condensate formation is linked to second type gauge fields.

Abstract

The charge screening, confinement of fermion quantum numbers and the chiral condensate formation in two-dimensional QED is studied in details. It is shown that charge screening and confinement of fermion number in two-dimensional QED is due to an appearance of gauge fields which nullify the Dirac determinant. An appearance of the fields of another type but with the same property yield the chiral condensate formation. In addition, these second type fields ensure the "softness" of the charge screening in a process which is analogous to the $e^+e^-$ annihilation.