Black Hole Geometry around an Elementary BPS String State

TL;DR

This paper compares scattering of a massless scalar off an elementary BPS string state with classical black hole scattering, revealing a precise match in thresholds and linking string excitations to black hole absorption phenomena.

Contribution

It demonstrates a detailed correspondence between string excitations and black hole absorption thresholds in heterotic string theory compactified on a six-torus.

Findings

Low energy scattering amplitudes agree in the large mass limit.

Classical absorption threshold matches the inelastic threshold of string excitation.

String excitations can be interpreted as non-extremal black holes.

Abstract

We probe the geometry around an elementary BPS (EBPS) state in heterotic string theory compactified on a six-torus by scattering a massless scalar off it and comparing with the corresponding experiment in which the EBPS state is replaced by a classical extremal black hole background satisfying the BPS condition. We find that the low energy limit of the scattering amplitudes precisely agree if one takes the limit $m_{\rm bh} >> m_P$. In the classical experiment, beyond a certain frequency of the incident wave, part of the wave is found to be absorbed by the black hole, whereas in case of the string scattering there is a critical frequency (inelastic threshold) of the probe beyond which the EBPS state gets excited to a higher mass non-BPS elementary state. The classical absorption threshold matches exactly with the inelastic threshold in the limit of maximum degeneracy of the EBPS state of a given mass. In that limit we can therefore identify absorption by the black hole as excitation of the elementary string state to the next vibrational state of the string and consequently also identify the non-BPS string state as a non-extremal black hole.