Can Symmetry non-restoration solve the Monopole Problem?

TL;DR

This paper investigates whether symmetry non-restoration can solve the monopole problem by analyzing higher-order corrections, ultimately finding that symmetry restoration occurs at high temperature, challenging previous solutions.

Contribution

The study extends previous work by including self-consistent one-loop corrections, revealing that symmetry restoration is favored at high temperature.

Findings

Large next-to-leading corrections reverse leading order results

Symmetry restoration occurs at high temperature

Challenges the viability of symmetry non-restoration as a monopole solution

Abstract

We reexamine a recently proposed non-inflationary solution to the monopole problem, based on the possibility that spontaneously broken Grand-Unified symmetries do not get restored at high temperature. We go beyond leading order by studying the self-consistent one-loop equations of the model. We find large next-to-leading corrections that reverse the lowest order results and cause symmetry restoration at high temperature.