QCD Heat Kernel in Covariant Gauge
E.I. Guendelman, A.V. Leonidov, V.A. Nechitailo, D.A. Owen

TL;DR
This paper calculates the fourth coefficient of the heat kernel expansion for a non-minimal, non-abelian operator in arbitrary gauges and dimensions, revealing gauge dependence from off-shell structures.
Contribution
It provides the first explicit calculation of the fourth heat kernel coefficient in a general non-abelian gauge setting, highlighting gauge dependence.
Findings
Fourth heat kernel coefficient computed explicitly
Gauge dependence arises from off-shell gauge invariant structures
Results applicable to arbitrary space-time dimensions
Abstract
We report the calculation of the fourth coefficient in an expansion of the heat kernel of a non-minimal, non-abelian kinetic operator in an arbitrary background gauge in arbitrary space-time dimension. The fourth coefficient is shown to bring a nontrivial gauge dependence due to the contribution of the lowest order off-shell gauge invariant structure.
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