Color Confinement in Perturbation Theory from a Topological Model,

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that color confinement, traditionally understood through a topological pure-gauge model, can be extended to include physical degrees of freedom like quarks and gluons via perturbation theory.

Contribution

It introduces a perturbative approach to Yang-Mills theory that incorporates physical degrees of freedom, showing confinement beyond the pure-gauge model.

Findings

Quarks and gluons are confined in the perturbative extension.

Color confinement mechanism applies when physical degrees of freedom are included.

Perturbation theory confirms confinement in a more realistic setting.

Abstract

Color confinement by the mechanism of Kugo and Ojima can treat confinement of any quantized color carrying fields including dynamical quarks. However, the non-perturbative condition for this confinement has been known to be satisfied only in the pure-gauge model (PGM), which is a topological model without physical degrees of freedom. Here we analyze the Yang-Mills theory by adding physical degrees of freedom as perturbation to PGM. We find that quarks and gluons are indeed confined in this perturbation theory.