Massive particle creation in a static 1+1 dimensional spacetime

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that particle creation can occur in a static 1+1 dimensional spacetime by analyzing the field quantization on different spacelike surfaces, showing observer-dependent vacuum states.

Contribution

It introduces a method to show particle creation in static spacetimes using a coordinate system based on a recent physical principle, highlighting observer-dependent vacuum states.

Findings

Particle creation occurs in static spacetimes.

Vacuum states depend on the choice of spacelike surface.

Observer motion affects perceived particle content.

Abstract

We show explicitly that there is particle creation in a static spacetime. This is done by studying the field in a coordinate system based on a physical principle which has recently been proposed. There the field is quantized by decomposing it into positive and negative frequency modes on a particular spacelike surface. This decomposition depends explicitly on the surface where the decomposition is performed, so that an observer who travels from one surface to another will observe particle production due to the different vacuum state.