O(N) Sigma Model as a Three Dimensional Conformal Field Theory

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that the large N limit of a three-dimensional nonlinear sigma model at a fixed point is a conformal field theory, analyzing its properties on various curved spaces and revealing how curvature influences symmetry and phase transitions.

Contribution

It establishes the nonlinear sigma model as a conformal field theory in three dimensions and explores its critical behavior on different curved manifolds using zeta-function regularization.

Findings

The model is conformal at large N on various curved spaces.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs on negatively curved space (H^2×R).

Free energy vanishes on positively curved space (S^2×R), indicating conformal equivalence to R^3.

Abstract

We study a three dimensional conformal field theory in terms of its partition function on arbitrary curved spaces. The large $N$ limit of the nonlinear sigma model at the non-trivial fixed point is shown to be an example of a conformal field theory, using zeta--function regularization. We compute the critical properties of this model in various spaces of constant curvature ($R^2 \times S^1$, $S^1\times S^1 \times R$, $S^2\times R$, $H^2\times R$, $S^1 \times S^1 \times S^1$ and $S^2 \times S^1$) and we argue that what distinguishes the different cases is not the Riemann curvature but the conformal class of the metric. In the case $H^2\times R$ (constant negative curvature), the $O(N)$ symmetry is spontaneously broken at the critical point. In the case $S^2\times R$ (constant positive curvature) we find that the free energy vanishes, consistent with conformal equivalence of this manifold to $R^3$, although the correlation length is finite. In the zero curvature cases, the correlation length is finite due to finite size effects. These results describe two dimensional quantum phase transitions or three dimensional classical ones.