Z Flux-Line Lattices and Self-Dual Equations in the Standard Model

TL;DR

This paper derives self-dual equations for the electroweak theory that admit solutions representing a periodic lattice of Z-strings, advancing understanding of topological structures in gauge theories.

Contribution

It introduces gauge covariant self-dual equations specific to the electroweak model and demonstrates their solutions form Z-string lattices, a novel insight into gauge field configurations.

Findings

Self-dual equations for electroweak interactions derived.

Existence of periodic Z-string lattice solutions shown.

Provides a new framework for topological solutions in gauge theories.

Abstract

We derive gauge covariant self-dual equations for the $SU(2) \times U(1)_Y$ theory of electro-weak interactions and show that they admit solutions describing a periodic lattice of Z-strings.} \newpage