Universality and Scaling at the Onset of Quantum Black Hole Formation

TL;DR

This paper explores the universal behavior and scaling laws at the threshold of quantum black hole formation in two-dimensional models, revealing a universal mass formula and a scaling solution for black hole dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a universal formula for black hole mass near criticality and describes a scaling solution for black hole formation and evaporation in simplified models.

Findings

Black hole formation occurs when energy flux exceeds Hawking radiation rate.

Black hole mass follows a universal formula near the critical threshold.

A scaling solution describes the formation and evaporation of arbitrarily small black holes.

Abstract

In certain two-dimensional models, collapsing matter forms a black hole if and only if the incoming energy flux exceeds the Hawking radiation rate. Near the critical threshold, the black hole mass is given by a universal formula in terms of the distance from criticality, and there exists a scaling solution describing the formation and evaporation of an arbitrarily small black hole.