Long-distance properties of frozen U(1) Higgs and axially U(1)-gauged four-Fermi models in $1+1$ dimensions

TL;DR

This paper investigates the long-distance behavior of vortices in a 1+1 dimensional axially U(1)-gauged four-Fermi model, revealing how gauge invariance affects vortex relevance and phase structure.

Contribution

It derives the effective lagrangian as a frozen U(1) Higgs model and analyzes vortex relevance using dual sine-Gordon models and recursion relations.

Findings

Vortices are always relevant at long distances in gauge-invariant schemes.

In non-invariant schemes, a critical N determines whether vortices dominate.

The long-distance behavior can be described by a free massless scalar field for large N.

Abstract

We study the long-distance relevance of vortices (instantons) in an $N$-component axially U(1)-gauged four-Fermi theory in $1+1$ dimensions, in which a naive use of $1/N$ expansion predicts the dynamical Higgs phenomenon. Its general effective lagrangian is found to be a frozen U(1) Higgs model with the gauge-field mass term proportional to an anomaly parameter ($b$). The dual-transformed versions of the effective theory are represented by sine-Gordon systems and recursion-relation analyses are performed. The results suggest that in the gauge-invariant scheme ($b=0$) vortices are always relevant at long distances, while in non-invariant schemes ($b>0$) there exists a critical $N$ above which the long-distance behavior is dominated by a free massless scalar field.