An Extension of Type I Gaugeon Formalism for Quantum Electrodynamics

TL;DR

This paper extends Yokoyama's Type I gaugeon formalism for quantum electrodynamics by introducing additional gaugeon fields, enabling arbitrary gauge parameter shifts, including sign changes, and discusses its relation to Type II theory.

Contribution

The paper introduces a new extension of the gaugeon formalism allowing sign changes of the gauge parameter, expanding the flexibility of gauge transformations in quantum electrodynamics.

Findings

Enables shifting gauge parameter to arbitrary values

Allows sign change of the gauge parameter

Discusses relation to Type II gaugeon formalism

Abstract

By introducing two kinds of gaugeon fields, we extend Yokoyama's Type I gaugeon formalism for quantum electrodynamics. The theory admits a q-number gauge transformation by which we can shift the gauge parameter into arbitrary numerical value; whereas in the original theory we cannot change the sign of the parameter. The relation to the Type II theory is also discussed.