Threefold Family of Charged Spin-1/2 Dirac Bubbles

TL;DR

This paper extends Dirac's electron model to include spin and family structures, introducing a gauge principle and monopole configurations that lead to novel representations and scalar field descriptions of charged spin-1/2 particles.

Contribution

It introduces a new model incorporating spin and family aspects into Dirac's electron framework using gauge principles and monopole configurations.

Findings

Harmonic excitations can produce half-integer spin representations.

The model describes electrons with four scalar fields corresponding to different minima.

A sixth-order scalar potential governs the different electron varieties.

Abstract

We extend Dirac's `extensible model of the electron' to include spin and family. $U(1)_{e.m.}$ charge conservation on the bubble is translated into a secondary $U(1)_{g}$ world-manifold gauge principle. Reflecting the secondary magnetic monopole configuration on spatial $S^2$, the harmonic excitations may furnish half integer $SU(2)_{spin}\otimes U(1)_{g}$ representations. Our spin--$1/2$ `electron' is described by four world-manifold scalar fields. Its three varieties are associated with different minima of the (6th--order) surface-tension scalar potential.