Attractive Forces Between Electrons in QED$_{3}$

TL;DR

This paper non-perturbatively incorporates vacuum polarization in QED3, leading to a massive photon and demonstrating the possibility of electron-electron bound states in the theory.

Contribution

It introduces a non-perturbative approach to vacuum polarization in QED3, resulting in a massive photon and revealing bound states between electrons.

Findings

Photon acquires a mass of e^2/(8π)

Electron-electron bound states are possible in QED3

Infrared problems are mitigated through this approach

Abstract

Vacuum polarization effects are non-perturbatively incorporated into the photon propagator to eliminate the severe infrared problems characteristic of QED$_3$. The theory is thus rephrased in terms of a massive vector boson whose mass is $e^2/(8\pi)$. Subsequently, it is shown that electron-electron bound states are possible in QED$_3$.