
TL;DR
This paper constructs an exact 4+1-dimensional vacuum solution called Black Saturn, revealing unique gravitational phenomena such as non-uniqueness of black hole solutions, frame-dragging effects, and configurations with zero total angular momentum.
Contribution
It introduces the Black Saturn solution using inverse scattering, demonstrating novel gravitational effects and non-uniqueness in higher-dimensional black hole configurations.
Findings
Black Saturn exhibits 2-fold continuous non-uniqueness for fixed mass and angular momentum.
Black ring and black hole can counter-rotate to produce zero total angular momentum.
Rotational frame-dragging occurs with a black hole of zero Komar angular momentum.
Abstract
Using the inverse scattering method we construct an exact stationary asymptotically flat 4+1-dimensional vacuum solution describing Black Saturn: a spherical black hole surrounded by a black ring. Angular momentum keeps the configuration in equilibrium. Black saturn reveals a number of interesting gravitational phenomena: (1) The balanced solution exhibits 2-fold continuous non-uniqueness for fixed mass and angular momentum; (2) Remarkably, the 4+1d Schwarzschild black hole is not unique, since the black ring and black hole of black saturn can counter-rotate to give zero total angular momentum at infinity, while maintaining balance; (3) The system cleanly demonstrates rotational frame-dragging when a black hole with vanishing Komar angular momentum is rotating as the black ring drags the surrounding spacetime. Possible generalizations include multiple rings of saturn as well as doubly…
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