Effective potential at finite temperature in a constant hypermagnetic field: Ring diagrams in the Standard Model

TL;DR

This paper investigates how a constant hypermagnetic field influences the electroweak phase transition in the Standard Model, showing that it makes the transition more strongly first order by computing the finite temperature effective potential including ring diagrams.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed calculation of the finite temperature effective potential with ring diagrams in a hypermagnetic field, revealing its impact on the phase transition strength.

Findings

The hypermagnetic field strengthens the first order nature of the phase transition.

Ring diagrams significantly affect the effective potential at high temperature.

The study provides insights into magnetic field effects on early universe symmetry breaking.

Abstract

We study the symmetry breaking phenomenon in the standard model during the electroweak phase transition in the presence of a constant hypermagnetic field. We compute the finite temperature effective potential up to the contribution of ring diagrams in the weak field, high temperature limit and show that under these conditions, the phase transition becomes stronger first order.