Phase Transitions of Orientifold Gauge Theories at Large N in Finite Volume

TL;DR

This paper investigates the phase transitions of orientifold gauge theories on finite volume spaces, revealing a confinement/deconfinement transition and symmetry breaking behaviors at different scales of the compactified dimensions.

Contribution

It provides the first analysis of phase structure in orientifold gauge theories at large N on finite volume, including symmetry breaking and phase transition details.

Findings

Existence of confinement/deconfinement phase transition at finite volume.

Spontaneous breaking of charge conjugation and gauge symmetries at small S^1 radius.

Preservation of symmetries at large S^1 radius similar to supersymmetric theories.

Abstract

In this paper we consider the phase structure of ``orientifold'' gauge theories--obtained from unitary supersymmetric gauge theories by replacing adjoint Majorana fermions by Dirac fermions in the symmetric or anti-symmetric representations--in finite volume S^3 x S^1. If the radius of the S^3 is small the calculations can be performed at weak coupling for any value of the S^1 radius. We demonstrate that there is a confinement/de-confining type of phase transition even when the fermions have periodic (non-thermal) boundary conditions around S^1. At small radius of S^1, the theory is in a phase where charge conjugation and large non-periodic gauge transformation are spontaneously broken. But for large radius of S^1 the phase preseves these symmetries just as in the related supersymmetric theory.