Living with Ghosts and their Radiative Corrections

TL;DR

This paper investigates the effects of higher derivative operators in 4D effective field theories, revealing their complex impact on UV behavior, divergences, and supersymmetry breaking, with implications for renormalization and effective field theory consistency.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of higher derivative operators in both non-supersymmetric and supersymmetric models, highlighting their influence on UV behavior and divergence structure.

Findings

Higher derivative theories do not always improve UV behavior due to analytic continuation issues.

The one-loop scalar potential with higher derivatives requires infinitely many counterterms.

In supersymmetric models, quadratic divergences are linked to supersymmetry breaking and suppressed by the ghost scale.

Abstract

The role of higher derivative operators in 4D effective field theories is discussed in both non-supersymmetric and supersymmetric contexts. The approach, formulated in the Minkowski space-time, shows that theories with higher derivative operators do not always have an improved UV behaviour, due to subtleties related to the analytical continuation from the Minkowski to the Euclidean metric. This continuation is further affected at the dynamical level due to a field-dependence of the poles of the Green functions of the particle-like states, for curvatures of the potential of order unity in ghost mass units. The one-loop scalar potential in lambda*phi^4 theory with a single higher derivative term is shown to have infinitely many counterterms, while for a very large mass of the ghost the usual 4D renormalisation is recovered. In the supersymmetric context of the O'Raifeartaigh model of spontaneous supersymmetry breaking with a higher derivative (supersymmetric) operator, it is found that quadratic divergences are present in the one-loop self-energy of the scalar field. They arise with a coefficient proportional to the amount of supersymmetry breaking and suppressed by the scale of the higher derivative operator. This is also true in the Wess-Zumino model with higher derivatives and explicit soft breaking of supersymmetry. In both models, the UV logarithmic behaviour is restored in the decoupling limit of the ghost.