Nonlocal black-hole thermodynamics and massive remnants

TL;DR

This paper proposes a nonlocal model of Hawking radiation inspired by holographic principles, suggesting black holes leave massive remnants after radiating and warming previously emitted particles, addressing the information paradox.

Contribution

It introduces a novel nonlocal framework where all radiated particles share the same temperature, leading to the prediction of massive black hole remnants.

Findings

Black holes stop radiating at half their initial mass.

Remnants are significantly above the Planck scale.

The model offers a potential resolution to the information paradox.

Abstract

To alleviate the black-hole (BH) information problem, we study a holographic-principle-inspired nonlocal model of Hawking radiation in which radiated particles created at different times all have the same temperature corresponding to the instantaneous BH mass. Consequently, the black hole loses mass not only by continuously radiating new particles, but also by continuously warming previously radiated particles. The conservation of energy implies that the radiation stops when the mass of the black hole reaches the half of the initial BH mass, leaving a massive BH remnant with a mass much above the Planck scale.