Numerical Investigations of Oscillons in 2 Dimensions

TL;DR

This paper investigates the properties, stability, and interactions of oscillons in two-dimensional scalar field theories, revealing their long lifetime, decay of perturbations, and soliton-like behavior through numerical analysis.

Contribution

It provides new numerical insights into oscillon dynamics, including their frequency characteristics, decay of elliptical perturbations, and behavior during collisions.

Findings

Oscillons oscillate at a fundamental frequency just below radiation threshold.

Elliptical perturbations of oscillons decay over time.

Boosted and collided oscillons exhibit persistence and soliton-like properties.

Abstract

Oscillons, extremely long-living localized oscillations of a scalar field, are studied in theories with quartic and sine-Gordon potentials in two spatial dimensions. We present qualitative results concentrating largely on a study in frequency space via Fourier analysis of oscillations. Oscillations take place at a fundamental frequency just below the threshold for the production of radiation, with exponentially suppressed harmonics. The time evolution of the oscillation frequency points indirectly to a life time of at least 10 million oscillations. We study also elliptical perturbations of the oscillon, which are shown to decay. We finish by presenting results for boosted and collided oscillons, which point to a surprising persistence and soliton-like behaviour.