Why there is something so close to nothing: towards a fundamental theory of the cosmological constant

TL;DR

This paper proposes a new foundational approach to the cosmological constant problem by introducing a quantum equivalence principle within string theory, linking vacuum energy fluctuations to the universe's size and supersymmetry breaking.

Contribution

It introduces a quantum equivalence principle in string theory to explain the small cosmological constant as a fluctuation related to spacetime volume and supersymmetry breaking.

Findings

The cosmological constant is a fluctuation around zero due to quantum effects.

The small vacuum energy is connected to the large size of the universe.

Supersymmetry breaking scale influences the cosmological constant value.

Abstract

The cosmological constant problem is turned around to argue for a new foundational physics postulate underlying a consistent quantum theory of gravity and matter, such as string theory. This postulate is a quantum equivalence principle which demands a consistent gauging of the geometric structure of canonical quantum theory. We argue that string theory can be formulated to accommodate such a principle, and that in such a theory the observed cosmological constant is a fluctuation about a zero value. This fluctuation arises from an uncertainty relation involving the cosmological constant and the effective volume of spacetime. The measured, small vacuum energy is dynamically tied to the large size of the universe, thus violating naive decoupling between small and large scales. The numerical value is related to the scale of cosmological supersymmetry breaking, supersymmetry being needed for a non-perturbative stability of local Minkowski spacetime regions in the classical regime.