Glueball mass from quantized knot solitons and gauge-invariant gluon mass

TL;DR

This paper introduces a gauge-invariant method to simultaneously estimate glueball and gluon masses in Yang-Mills theory using knot solitons in the Faddeev model, providing insights into the mass gap problem.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the Faddeev model can serve as an effective low-energy theory for SU(2) Yang-Mills theory, linking topological knot solitons to physical mass spectra.

Findings

Glueball mass spectrum obtained via knot soliton quantization

Gauge-invariant gluon mass derived from vacuum condensate

Estimated vacuum condensation values consistent with Yang-Mills theory

Abstract

We propose an approach which enables one to obtain simultaneously the glueball mass and the gluon mass in the gauge-invariant way to shed new light on the mass gap problem in Yang-Mills theory. First, we point out that the Faddeev (Skyrme--Faddeev-Niemi) model can be induced through the gauge-invariant vacuum condensate of mass dimension two from SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. Second, we obtain the glueball mass spectrum by performing the collective coordinate quantization of the topological knot soliton in the Faddeev model. Third, we demonstrate that a relationship between the glueball mass and the gluon mass is obtained, since the gauge-invariant gluon mass is also induced from the relevant vacuum condensate. Finally, we determine physical values of two parameters in the Faddeev model and give an estimate of the relevant vacuum condensation in Yang-Mills theory. Our results indicate that the Faddeev model can play the role of a low-energy effective theory of the quantum SU(2) Yang-Mills theory.