Phantom energy from graded algebras

TL;DR

This paper introduces a gauge-theoretic model of phantom energy using graded Lie algebra SU(2/1), naturally producing negative kinetic energy and coupling dark matter with phantom energy through Grassmann vector fields.

Contribution

It constructs a novel phantom energy model from graded Lie algebra, linking dark energy and dark matter via gauge principles and Grassmann fields.

Findings

Negative kinetic energy emerges from graded Lie algebra

Phantom energy and dark matter are coupled through Grassmann vector fields

The model provides a gauge-based origin for phantom energy and dark matter

Abstract

We construct a model of phantom energy using the graded Lie algebra SU(2/1). The negative kinetic energy of the phantom field emerges naturally from the graded Lie algebra, resulting in an equation of state with w<-1. The model also contains ordinary scalar fields and anti-commuting (Grassmann) vector fields which can be taken as two component dark matter. A potential term is generated for both the phantom fields and the ordinary scalar fields via a postulated condensate of the Grassmann vector fields. Since the phantom energy and dark matter arise from the same Lagrangian the phantom energy and dark matter of this model are coupled via the Grassman vector fields. In the model presented here phantom energy and dark matter come from a gauge principle rather than being introduced in an ad hoc manner.