Backreaction of the Hawking radiation

TL;DR

This paper investigates how black holes emit Hawking radiation and develop vacuum-induced charges, revealing that they lose about 10% of their mass and reach a state where the vacuum charge equals the remaining mass.

Contribution

It introduces a model describing the backreaction of Hawking radiation and vacuum charge formation in black holes, highlighting the mass loss and charge equilibrium process.

Findings

Black holes radiate away approximately 10% of their initial mass.

A vacuum-induced charge develops, equaling the remaining mass.

Black holes reach a state where vacuum charge balances the mass.

Abstract

Black holes create a vacuum matter charge to protect themselves from the quantum evaporation. A spherically symmetric black hole having initially no matter charges radiates away about 10% of the initial mass and comes to a state in which the vacuum-induced charge equals the remaining mass.