Solitons and soliton-antisoliton pairs of a Goldstone model in 3+1 dimensions

TL;DR

This paper investigates static finite energy solutions in a 3+1 dimensional Goldstone model, focusing on axially symmetric multisolitons and unstable soliton-antisoliton pairs, revealing their distinct topological properties.

Contribution

It introduces and analyzes two types of solutions—multisolitons and soliton-antisoliton pairs—in a 3+1 dimensional symmetry-breaking model, highlighting their topological characteristics.

Findings

Identification of axially symmetric multisolitons with topological charge n

Discovery of unstable soliton-antisoliton pairs with zero topological charge

Analysis of the stability and features of these solutions

Abstract

We study finite energy static solutions to a global symmetry breaking model in 3+1 dimensions described by an isovector scalar field. The basic features of two different types of configurations are discussed, one of them corresponding to axially symmetric multisolitons with topological charge $n$, and the other one to unstable soliton-antisoliton pairs with zero topological charge.