Local Casimir Energies for a Thin Spherical Shell

TL;DR

This paper investigates the local Casimir energy density around a spherical shell with finite thickness, revealing new insights into surface divergences, energy contributions, and the effects of coupling strength in quantum field theory.

Contribution

It provides novel analysis of surface divergences and energy distribution for a spherical shell in different coupling regimes, including finite thickness effects and conformal parameter dependence.

Findings

Surface energy contributions coincide with integrated local energy density.

Weak coupling limit reveals new surface divergence behavior.

Global Casimir energy diverges at third order in coupling.

Abstract

The local Casimir energy density for a massless scalar field associated with step-function potentials in a 3+1 dimensional spherical geometry is considered. The potential is chosen to be zero except in a shell of thickness $\delta$, where it has height $h$, with the constraint $h\delta=1$. In the limit of zero thickness, an ideal $\delta$-function shell is recovered. The behavior of the energy density as the surface of the shell is approached is studied in both the strong and weak coupling regimes. The former case corresponds to the well-known Dirichlet shell limit. New results, which shed light on the nature of surface divergences and on the energy contained within the shell, are obtained in the weak coupling limit, and for a shell of finite thickness. In the case of zero thickness, the energy has a contribution not only from the local energy density, but from an energy term residing entirely on the surface. It is shown that the latter coincides with the integrated local energy density within the shell. We also study the dependence of local and global quantities on the conformal parameter. In particular new insight is provided on the reason for the divergence in the global Casimir energy in third order in the coupling.