A new large N phase transition in YM2

TL;DR

This paper identifies a novel large N phase transition in two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory on a sphere, occurring at strong coupling and characterized by a change in degrees of freedom and free energy behavior.

Contribution

It reveals a new large N phase transition in YM2, analogous to cutoff transitions in random walks, with detailed analysis of phases and Wilson loop behavior.

Findings

Transition occurs at alpha=4 on the sphere.

Degrees of freedom scale as N^(2-alpha/2) below transition.

Wilson loop expectation matches strong coupling in both phases.

Abstract

Inspired by the interpretation of two dimensional Yang-Mills theory on a cylinder as a random walk on the gauge group, we point out the existence of a large N transition which is the gauge theory analogue of the cutoff transition in random walks. The transition occurs in the strong coupling region, with the 't Hooft coupling scaling as alpha*log(N), at a critical value of alpha (alpha = 4 on the sphere). The two phases below and above the transition are studied in detail. The effective number of degrees of freedom and the free energy are found to be proportional to N^(2-alpha/2) below the transition and to vanish altogether above it. The expectation value of a Wilson loop is calculated to the leading order and found to coincide in both phases with the strong coupling value.