# The RHIC fireball as a dual black hole

## TL;DR

This paper proposes that the RHIC fireball is a dual black hole, linking experimental observations to theoretical models of black hole analogs in QCD, and calculates its temperature and properties consistent with experimental data.

## Contribution

It introduces the idea that the RHIC fireball is a dual black hole and provides calculations matching observed temperature and viscosity ratios, connecting QCD phenomena to string theory concepts.

## Key findings

- Fireball temperature matches the dual black hole prediction (~176 MeV).
- The observed eta/s ratio is close to the dual value of 1/4π.
- The core of the fireball is modeled as a pion field soliton, dual to black hole interior.

## Abstract

We argue that the fireball observed at RHIC is (the analog of) a dual black hole. In previous works, we have argued that the large $s$ behaviour of the total QCD cross section is due to production of dual black holes, and that in the QCD effective field theory it corresponds to a nonlinear soliton of the pion field. Now we argue that the RHIC fireball is this soliton. We calculate the soliton (black hole) temperature, and get $T=4a <m_{\pi}>/\pi$, with $a$ a nonperturbative constant. For $a=1$, we get $175.76 MeV$, compared to the experimental value of the fireball ``freeze-out'' of about $176 MeV$. The observed $\eta/ s$ for the fireball is close to the dual value of $1/4\pi$. The ``Color Glass Condensate'' (CGC) state at the core of the fireball is the pion field soliton, dual to the interior of the black hole. The main interaction between particles in the CGC is a Coulomb potential, due to short range pion exchange, dual to gravitational interaction inside the black hole, deconfining quarks and gluons. Thus RHIC is in a certain sense a string theory testing machine, analyzing the formation and decay of dual black holes, and giving information about the black hole interior.