Ricci flows and their integrability in two dimensions

TL;DR

This paper reviews Ricci flows in physics and mathematics, highlighting their integrability in two dimensions, their algebraic structure, and applications to string theory, geometry, and physical systems.

Contribution

It demonstrates the integrability of two-dimensional Ricci flow using an infinite dimensional algebra and explores their applications in geometry and physics.

Findings

Ricci flow in 2D is integrable via an infinite dimensional algebra.

Deformations control Ricci flow on 3-manifolds and their prime decomposition.

Examples include Ricci solitons and applications to physical systems.

Abstract

We review the main aspects of Ricci flows as they arise in physics and mathematics. In field theory they describe the renormalization group equations of the target space metric of two dimensional sigma models to lowest order in the perturbative expansion. As such they provide an off-shell approach to the problem of tachyon condensation and vacuum selection in closed string theory in the weak gravitational regime. In differential geometry they introduce a systematic framework to find canonical metrics on Riemannian manifolds and make advances towards their classification by proving the geometrization conjecture. We focus attention to geometric deformations in low dimensions and find that they also exhibit a rich algebraic structure. The Ricci flow in two dimensions is shown to be integrable using an infinite dimensional algebra with antisymmetric Cartan kernel that incorporates the deformation variable into its root system. The deformations of two dimensional surfaces also control the Ricci flow on 3-manifolds and their decomposition into prime factors by applying surgery prior to the formation of singularities along shrinking cycles. A few simple examples are briefly discussed including the notion of Ricci solitons. Other applications to physical systems are also listed at the end.