Dilatation operator in (super-)Yang-Mills theories on the light-cone

TL;DR

This paper computes the one-loop dilatation operator in various super-Yang-Mills theories on the light-cone, revealing universal integrability properties and connections to super spin chains, with deviations for mixed operators at N<=2.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the one-loop dilatation operator has a universal form across SYM theories for single-superfield operators and links it to SL(2|N) super spin chains, highlighting integrability and its breaking in mixed cases.

Findings

Universal form of dilatation operator for single-superfield operators

Mapping to SL(2|N) super spin chains in the multi-color limit

Breaking of integrability and mass gap formation in mixed operators at N<=2

Abstract

The gauge/string correspondence hints that the dilatation operator in gauge theories with the superconformal SU(2,2|N) symmetry should possess universal integrability properties for different N. We provide further support for this conjecture by computing a one-loop dilatation operator in all (super)symmetric Yang-Mills theories on the light-cone ranging from gluodynamics all the way to the maximally supersymmetric N=4 theory. We demonstrate that the dilatation operator takes a remarkably simple form when realized in the space spanned by single-trace products of superfields separated by light-like distances. The latter operators serve as generating functions for Wilson operators of the maximal Lorentz spin and the scale dependence of the two are in the one-to-one correspondence with each other. In the maximally supersymmetric, N=4 theory all nonlocal light-cone operators are built from a single CPT self-conjugated superfield while for N=0,1,2 one has to deal with two distinct superfields and distinguish three different types of such operators. We find that for the light-cone operators built from only one species of superfields, the one-loop dilatation operator takes the same, universal form in all SYM theories and it can be mapped in the multi-color limit into a Hamiltonian of the SL(2|N) Heisenberg (super)spin chain of length equal to the number of superfields involved. For "mixed'' light-cone operators involving both superfields the dilatation operator for N<=2 receives an additional contribution from the exchange interaction between superfields on the light-cone which breaks its integrability symmetry and creates a mass gap in the spectrum of anomalous dimensions.