Periodic ground state for the charged massive Schwinger model

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that the charged massive Schwinger model exhibits a periodic ground state at any charge density, revealing inhomogeneous vacuum structures akin to crystalline arrangements in solid state physics.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of a periodic vacuum structure in the charged massive Schwinger model, linking it to both bosonized and fermionic formulations.

Findings

Supports periodic vacuum structure at all charge densities

Identifies the dynamical origin of inhomogeneity in the model

Connects inhomogeneity to crystalline patterns in physics

Abstract

It is shown that the charged massive Schwinger model supports a periodic vacuum structure for arbitrary charge density, similar to the common crystalline layout known in solid state physics. The dynamical origin of the inhomogeneity is identified in the framework of the bozonized model and in terms of the original fermionic variables.