Integrability and Hopf Solitons in Models with Explicitly Broken O(3) Symmetry

TL;DR

This paper explores models with broken O(3) symmetry, deriving integrability conditions and finding exact toroidal solutions with Hopf index, showing symmetry breaking affects soliton shape but not energy or topological charge.

Contribution

It introduces integrability conditions and constructs exact toroidal solutions with arbitrary Hopf index in models with explicit O(3) symmetry breaking.

Findings

Symmetry breaking alters soliton shape.

Energy and Hopf index remain unchanged.

Exact solutions exist for specific Lagrangian forms.

Abstract

A wide class of models, built of the three component unit vector field living in the (3+1) Minkowski space-time, which break explicitly global O(3) symmetry are discussed. The symmetry breaking occurs due to the so-called dielectric function multiplying a standard symmetric term. Integrability conditions are found. Moreover, for some particular forms of the Lagrangian exact toroidal solutions with any Hopf index are obtained. It is proved that such symmetry breaking influences the shape of the solitons whereas the energy as well as the Hopf index remain unchanged.