Order parameters with higher dimensionful composite fields

TL;DR

This paper explores spontaneous symmetry breaking driven by higher dimensionful composite order parameters within an O(2) symmetric scalar field model, analyzing phase structures and the influence of  theory in three dimensions.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of symmetry breaking with higher dimensionful composite fields and analyzes the phase structure using Ginzburg-Landau potential and  theory.

Findings

Identification of a phase with _1^2 - _2^2 neq 0

Demonstration of phase realization in specific parameter regions

Insights into the role of  theory in phase stability

Abstract

We discuss the possibility of the spontaneous symmetry breaking characterized by order parameters with higher dimensionful composite fields. By analyzing general Ginzburg-Landau potential for a complex scalar field \phi=\phi_1 + i \phi_2 with O(2) symmetry, we demonstrate that a phase characterized by < \phi_1^2 - \phi_2^2 > \neq 0 with < \phi_1 >=< \phi_2 >=0 is realized in a certain parameter region. To clarify the driving force to favor this phase, we study the O(2) \phi^6 theory in three dimensions.