On the Four-Color-Map Theorem

TL;DR

This paper discusses the four-color theorem in the context of coloring planar Feynman diagrams in spinor quantum electrodynamics, demonstrating that four colors are both necessary and sufficient for such diagrams.

Contribution

It provides a non-computer-assisted proof that four colors suffice and are necessary for coloring planar Feynman diagrams in this quantum electrodynamics model.

Findings

Four colors are necessary for coloring the diagrams.

Four colors are sufficient for coloring the diagrams.

The proof is achieved without computational assistance.

Abstract

Coloring planar Feynman diagrams in spinor quantum electrodynamics, is a non trivial model soluble without computer. Four colors are necessary and sufficient.