Conceptual unification of elementary particles, black holes, quantum de Sitter and Anti de Sitter string states

TL;DR

This paper unifies the quantum descriptions of black holes, elementary particles, and string states in de Sitter and Anti de Sitter spaces, revealing deep dualities and phase transitions across regimes.

Contribution

It introduces a unified framework linking classical and quantum gravity regimes, extending wave-particle duality to string theory, and characterizing phase transitions in string states in curved backgrounds.

Findings

Hawking temperature equals string temperature in different regimes.

Black hole evaporation ends with pure string radiation.

A string phase transition occurs at the dS string temperature.

Abstract

We provide a conceptual unified description of the quantum properties of black holes (BH), elementary particles, de Sitter (dS) and Anti de Sitter (AdS) string states.The conducting line of argument is the classical-quantum (de Broglie, Compton) duality here extended to the quantum gravity (string) regime (wave-particle-string duality). The semiclassical (QFT) and quantum (string) gravity regimes are respectively characterized and related: sizes, masses, accelerations and temperatures. The Hawking temperature, elementary particle and string temperatures are shown to be the same concept in different energy regimes and turn out the precise classical-quantum duals of each other; similarly, this result holds for the BH decay rate, heavy particle and string decay rates; BH evaporation ends as quantum string decay into pure (non mixed) radiation. Microscopic density of states and entropies in the two (semiclassical and quantum) gravity regimes are derived and related, an unifying formula for BH, dS and AdS states is provided in the two regimes. A string phase transition towards the dS string temperature (which is shown to be the precise quantum dual of the semiclassical (Hawking-Gibbons) dS temperature) is found and characterized; such phase transition does not occurs in AdS alone. High string masses (temperatures) show a further (square root temperature behaviour) sector in AdS. From the string mass spectrum and string density of states in curved backgrounds, quantum properties of the backgrounds themselves are extracted and the quantum mass spectrum of BH, dS and AdS radii obtained.