The Problem of Monopoles in the Standard and Family Replicated Models

TL;DR

This paper argues that monopoles are irrelevant in the Standard Model due to their large charge and confinement, but in Family Replicated Gauge Group models, monopoles with smaller charge could influence high-energy physics and gauge coupling evolution.

Contribution

It demonstrates that monopoles in the Standard Model are confined or screened, and introduces the potential role of smaller-charge monopoles in Family Replicated Gauge Group models at high energies.

Findings

Monopoles in the SM have large charge and are confined.

Family Replicated Gauge Group models produce monopoles with smaller magnetic charge.

These monopoles can affect the running of gauge coupling constants at high energies.

Abstract

The aim of the present talk is to show that monopoles cannot play any role in the Standard Model (SM) and in its usual extensions up to the Planck scale: $M_{Pl}=1.22\cdot 10^{19}$ GeV, because they have a huge charge and are completely confined or screened. The possibility of the extension of the SM with Family Replicated Gauge Group (FRGG) symmetry of the type $(SMG)^N=[SU(3)_c]^N\times [SU(2)_L]^N\times [U(1)_Y]^N$ is briefly discussed. It was shown that the Abelian monopoles (existing also in non-Abelian theories) in FRGG model have $N^*$ times smaller magnetic charge than in the SM, where $N^*=N(N+1)/2$. These monopoles can appear at the high energies in the FRGG-model and give additional contributions to the beta-functions of the renormalisation group equations for the running constants $\alpha_i(\mu)$, where i=1,2,3 correspond to the U(1), SU(2) and SU(3) gauge groups of the SM.