Particle production by the thick-walled bubble

TL;DR

This paper investigates the spectrum of particles produced during false vacuum decay via tunneling in the thick-wall approximation, revealing intense low-momentum production with a nearly constant particle number across a broad momentum range.

Contribution

It provides a numerical analysis of particle production in thick-wall bubble decay, highlighting the intensity and momentum distribution of created particles, which was not well understood before.

Findings

Particle production is very intense at small momenta.

The number of created particles remains nearly constant for a wide momentum range.

Particle spectrum is characterized by a nearly flat distribution between p=4 and p=500.

Abstract

The spectrum of created particles during the tunneling process, leading to the decay of a false vacuum state, is studied numerically in the thick-wall approximation. It is shown that in this case the particle production is very intensive for small momenta. The number of created particles is nearly constant $n(p)\approx 1$ for $4\leq p\leq500$.