Late cosmology of brane gases with a two-form field

TL;DR

This paper explores how a two-form field influences the late-time expansion of brane gas cosmologies, suggesting that geometric symmetries, rather than thermal equilibrium, determine the universe's dimensionality.

Contribution

It introduces the role of a two-form field in enabling late-time expansion and proposes a new perspective on the universe's dimensionality based on geometric symmetries.

Findings

Two-form field facilitates late-time universe expansion.

Winding states decay into pressureless string loops.

Dimensionality linked to geometric symmetries, not thermal equilibrium.

Abstract

We consider the effects of a two-form field on the late-time dynamics of brane gas cosmologies. Assuming thermal equilibrium of winding states, we find that the presence of a form field allows a late stage of expansion of the Universe even when the winding degrees of freedom decay into a pressureless gas of string loops. Finally, we suggest to understand the dimensionality of the Universe not as a result of the thermal equilibrium condition but rather as a consequence of the symmetries of the geometry.