Fluctuating Commutative Geometry

TL;DR

This paper introduces a noncommutative geometry-based discrete model where topology and dimension can fluctuate, revealing two phases with distinct behaviors of the universe's size and dimensionality.

Contribution

It presents a novel fluctuating geometry model using noncommutative geometry, allowing topology and dimension to vary dynamically, which is a new approach in quantum geometry.

Findings

The model exhibits two phases with finite and diverging average number of points.

Dimension acts as an order parameter with an upper bound of <δ> < 2.

Topology fluctuations are considered on a fixed one-dimensional model.

Abstract

We use the framework of noncommutative geometry to define a discrete model for fluctuating geometry. Instead of considering ordinary geometry and its metric fluctuations, we consider generalized geometries where topology and dimension can also fluctuate. The model describes the geometry of spaces with a countable number $n$ of points. The spectral principle of Connes and Chamseddine is used to define dynamics.We show that this simple model has two phases. The expectation value $<n>$, the average number of points in the universe, is finite in one phase and diverges in the other. Moreover, the dimension $\delta$ is a dynamical observable in our model, and plays the role of an order parameter. The computation of $<\delta>$ is discussed and an upper bound is found, $<\delta> < 2$. We also address another discrete model defined on a fixed $d=1$ dimension, where topology fluctuates. We comment on a possible spontaneous localization of topology.