Limiting Temperature, Limiting Curvature and the Cyclic Universe

TL;DR

This paper introduces a cyclic universe model where both temperature and curvature are limited by a Hagedorn scale, connecting successive universes through smooth transitions and producing a scale-invariant spectrum of perturbations.

Contribution

It proposes a novel cyclic cosmology model based on limiting temperature and curvature, linking big bang and big crunch via a Hagedorn universe.

Findings

Universe has undergone approximately forty cycles.

Model predicts a scale-invariant spectrum of curvature perturbations.

Smooth connection between big bang and big crunch through Hagedorn universe.

Abstract

We propose a new type of cosmological model in which it is postulated that not only the temperature but also the curvature is limited by the mass scale of the Hagedorn temperature. We find that the big bang of this universe is smoothly connected to the big crunch of the previous universe through a Hagedorn universe, in which the temperature and curvature remain very close to their limiting values. In this way, we obtain the picture of a cyclic universe. By estimating the entropy gained in each big crunch and big bang, we reach the conclusion that our universe has repeated this process about forty times after it was created at the Planck scale. We also show that the model gives a scale-invariant spectrum of curvature perturbations.