Cosmological Anisotropy and the Cycling of Universe

TL;DR

This paper investigates how anisotropy in the universe's expansion varies with different expansion rates in Kantowski-Sachs spacetime, linking it to observable supernova red-shifts and the universe's evolution.

Contribution

It provides a new analysis of anisotropy behavior depending on expansion rates and relates it to observational data, enhancing understanding of universe dynamics.

Findings

Anisotropy remains stable when expansion rate exceeds a threshold.

Anisotropy increases during slower expansion or contraction.

Relation between anisotropy and supernova red-shift derived for observational testing.

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze the anisotropy of the scale factor in the Kantowski-Sachs spacetime. We show that the anisotropy will not increase when the expansion rate is greater than certain values while it will increase when the expansion rate is less than that value or the Universe is contracting. It is manifested that the matter dominated and radiation dominated era favor the flat spacetime if the anisotropy does not develop significantly. The relation between the cosmological anisotropy and the red-shift of the supernovae, which could be used to verify the anisotropy through the observation, has been derived.