TL;DR
This paper investigates whether steady internal rotation can stabilize topological solitons in sigma-models, finding it effective in two dimensions but not in three.
Contribution
It demonstrates that the Q-mechanism stabilizes topological solitons in two-dimensional sigma-models, providing insight into stabilization mechanisms.
Findings
Q-mechanism stabilizes topological solitons in D=2
Q-mechanism does not stabilize in D=3
Stability depends on spatial dimension
Abstract
Static topologically-nontrivial configurations in sigma-models, for spatial dimension D \geq 2, are unstable. The question addressed here is whether such sigma-model solitons can be stabilized by steady rotation in internal space; that is, rotation in a global SO(2) symmetry. This is the mechanism which stabilizes Q-balls (non-topological solitons). The conclusion is that the Q-mechanism can stabilize topological solitons in D=2 spatial dimensions, but not for D=3.
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