Energy-Charge Dependence for Q-Balls

TL;DR

This paper derives an explicit formula relating the energy and charge of Q-balls, providing analytic insights into their properties based on potential approximations, which aligns with previous numerical findings.

Contribution

It introduces an analytic approximation method that explains numerical properties of Q-balls and derives a general energy-charge relation applicable to various potentials.

Findings

Derived an explicit energy-charge formula for Q-balls

Validated the formula against numerical results

Enhanced understanding of Q-ball properties through analytic approximation

Abstract

We show that many numerically established properties of Q-balls can be understood in terms of analytic approximations for a certain type of potential. In particular, we derive an explicit formula between the energy and the charge of the Q-ball valid for a wide range of the charge Q.