Low Energy Gauge Unification Theory

TL;DR

This paper proposes low energy gauge unification models using orbifold compactification, addressing fermion unification issues, mass hierarchy, and proton decay, with both non-supersymmetric and supersymmetric SU(5) frameworks.

Contribution

It introduces novel low energy SU(5) unification models on specific orbifold spaces that resolve fermion unification problems and suppress proton decay.

Findings

Gauge unification is accelerated by asymmetric KK states.

Proton decay is forbidden while charge quantization is preserved.

Fermion mass problems are automatically solved in the models.

Abstract

Because of the problems arising from the fermion unification in the traditional Grand Unified Theory and the mass hierarchy between the 4-dimensional Planck scale and weak scale, we suggest the low energy gauge unification theory with low high-dimensional Planck scale. We discuss the non-supersymmetric SU(5) model on $M^4\times S^1/Z_2 \times S^1/Z_2$ and the supersymmetric SU(5) model on $M^4\times S^1/(Z_2\times Z_2') \times S^1/(Z_2\times Z_2')$. The SU(5) gauge symmetry is broken by the orbifold projection for the zero modes, and the gauge unification is accelerated due to the SU(5) asymmetric light KK states. In our models, we forbid the proton decay, still keep the charge quantization, and automatically solve the fermion mass problem. We also comment on the anomaly cancellation and other possible scenarios for low energy gauge unification.