On the Wilson loop in the dual representation within the dual Higgs model with dual Dirac strings

TL;DR

This paper calculates the Wilson loop's vacuum expectation value in a dual Higgs model with dual Dirac strings, demonstrating an area-law behavior and considering quantum fluctuations and string shape variations.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed calculation of the Wilson loop in a dual Higgs model, including quantum fluctuations and flux line shape effects, revealing area-law falloff behavior.

Findings

Wilson loop obeys area-law falloff

Quantum fluctuations influence the Wilson loop

String shape fluctuations are significant

Abstract

The vacuum expectation value of the Wilson loop in the dual representation is calculated in the dual Higgs model with dual Dirac strings. It is shown that the averaged value of the Wilson loop in the dual representation obeys the area-law falloff. Quantum fluctuations of the dual-vector and the Higgs field around Abrikosov flux lines induced by dual Dirac strings in a dual superconducting vacuum and string shape fluctuations are taken into account.