Huyghens Principle, Planck Law: Peculiarities in the Behavior of Planar Photons

TL;DR

This paper investigates how Huyghens principle and Planck law behave differently for planar photons in (2+1) dimensions, revealing violations and modifications not seen in the usual (3+1) dimensional case.

Contribution

It demonstrates that massless photons in (2+1) dimensions violate Huyghens principle and that Planck law scales with the square of frequency instead of the cube.

Findings

Massless photons violate Huyghens principle in (2+1) dimensions.

Planck law scales with frequency squared, not cubed.

Potential physical implications of these differences are discussed.

Abstract

Huyghens principle and Planck law are studied in Maxwell and Maxwell-Chern-Simons frameworks in (2+1) dimensions. Contrary to (3+1) dimensions, massless photons are shown to violate Huyghens principle in planar world. In addition, we obtain that Planck law is no longer proportional to $\nu^3$, but to the squared frequency, $\nu^2$, of the planar photons. We also briefly discuss possible physical consequences of these results.