Modified Dispersion Relations from Closed Strings in Toroidal Cosmology

TL;DR

This paper derives the small cosmological constant from a toroidal string cosmology model where dark energy results from correlations between momentum and winding modes of closed strings, explaining its tiny observed value.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach linking closed string modes in toroidal cosmology to the smallness of the cosmological constant, providing a theoretical explanation for dark energy.

Findings

Dark energy arises from momentum-winding mode correlations.

Exponential fall-off of modes at short distances.

Freeze-out of transplanckian modes as a string condensate.

Abstract

A long-standing problem of theoretical physics is the exceptionally small value of the cosmological constant $\Lambda \sim 10^{-120}$ measured in natural Planckian units. Here we derive this tiny number from a toroidal string cosmology based on closed strings. In this picture the dark energy arises from the correlation between momentum and winding modes that for short distances has an exponential fall-off with increasing values of the momenta.The freeze-out by the expansion of the background universe for these transplanckian modes may be interpreted as a frozen condensate of the closed-string modes in the three non-compactified spatial dimensions.