Generating Small Numbers by Tunneling in Multi-Throat Compactifications
S. Dimopoulos, S. Kachru, N. Kaloper, A. Lawrence, E. Silverstein

TL;DR
The paper proposes a mechanism in string theory where tunneling between multiple brane throats naturally generates small physical numbers, with implications for the hierarchy problem and dark matter longevity.
Contribution
It introduces a novel tunneling-based mechanism in multi-throat compactifications that explains small numbers and long-lived particles, expanding on previous models.
Findings
Tunneling suppression leads to weak interactions between different branes.
Large supersymmetry breaking in one throat induces TeV-scale SUSY-breaking in another.
Long-lived particles can decay within a Hubble time, affecting dark matter models.
Abstract
A generic F-theory compactification containing many D3 branes develops multiple brane throats. The interaction of observers residing inside different throats involves tunneling suppression and, as a result, is very weak. This suggests a new mechanism for generating small numbers in Nature. One application is to the hierarchy problem: large supersymmetry breaking near the unification scale inside a shallow throat causes TeV-scale SUSY-breaking inside the standard-model throat. Another application, inspired by nuclear-decay, is in designing naturally long-lived particles: a cold dark matter particle residing near the standard model brane decays to an approximate CFT-state of a longer throat within a Hubble time. This suggests that most of the mass of the universe today could consist of CFT-matter and may soften structure formation at sub-galactic scales. The tunneling calculation…
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